田立坤代表:护航数字经济发展 推进制定《数字经济促进法》******
【奋进向未来——知识分子代表委员筑梦新篇】
近年来,伴随数字经济迅速发展,类似电商平台“二选一”“网络虚假刷量”、屏蔽浏览器广告、“大数据杀熟”、网络售假等侵害消费者权益和知识产权的行为时有发生,数字经济领域的偷税漏税、软色情营销等问题也愈发凸显。“推进符合数字经济发展的立法具有重大的现实意义。提议相关部门制定《数字经济促进法》,为数字经济发展保驾护航。”全国人大代表、哈尔滨凯纳科技股份有限公司董事长田立坤说。
田立坤介绍,我国数字经济相关的法律规范日益完善,涉及行政法、民法、知识产权法等多个领域,涵盖网络安全、知识产权、市场竞争、消费者权益保护等多方面议题。比如,《中华人民共和国数据安全法》、《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》、《中华人民共和国网络安全法》等,为《数字经济促进法》提供了良好的法制环境。
此外,浙江、广东、江苏、河南、河北等地已先后出台数字经济促进条例,对数字基础设施建设、数据资源开发利用、数字产业化、产业数字化、治理数字化、数字技术创新、保障和监督等形成法律条文,为制定《数字经济促进法》提供了良好的立法基础。
田立坤建议,以数字基础设施建设、数据资源开发利用、数字产业化、产业数字化、治理数字化、数字技术创新、保障和监督等为核心,整合各领域、各地域、各层级的数字经济治理规则,完善主管部门、监管机构职责,为数字经济提供统一、周全的保障和支持,建立综合治理体系、提升综合治理能力,加快《数字经济促进法》立法。
其中,要以信息技术为支撑、以信息网络为基础,为经济社会发展提供感知、传输、存储、计算及融合应用等基础性信息服务的公共设施体系,主要包括通信网络基础设施、算力基础设施、新技术基础设施、融合基础设施和信息安全基础设施。
在数据资源开发利用方面,要高度重视政务数据开放共享,深化政务数据跨层级、跨地域、跨部门有序共享,建立健全公共数据资源体系;支持社会化数据服务机构发展,鼓励市场力量挖掘商业数据价值,推动数据价值产品化、服务化,大力发展专业化、个性化数据服务;支持数据资源开发市场化发展,创新数据交易模式,拓宽数据交易渠道,促进数据高效流通。
做好数字产业化。重点推动集成电路、高端软件、数字安防、网络通信、智能计算、新型显示、新型元器件及材料、网络安全等产业发展,促进云计算、大数据、物联网、人工智能等技术与各产业深度融合,培育区块链、量子信息、柔性电子、虚拟现实等产业发展。
做好产业数字化。推动大中小型企业数字化转型。重点支持农业、制造业、服务业数字化转型升级,并重点支持智慧农业和水利、工业、商务贸易、智慧物流、金融、能源等行业开展数字化转型提升工程,探索平台企业与产业园区联合运营模式。
加强治理数字化。推动数字技术与政府履职全面深度融合,加快实现“一网通办”。推动公共服务资源数字化供给和网络化服务,深化新型智慧城市建设,推动城市数据整合共享和业务协同,因地制宜构建数字孪生城市,鼓励加快城市智能设施向乡村延伸覆盖。(光明日报全媒体记者 李政葳 梁爽)
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |