中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
【国际锐评】中国将为世界经济提供哪些新机遇?从这个会议找答案******
12月15日至16日,中国一年一度的中央经济工作会议在北京举行。会议总结今年经济工作,分析当前经济形势,部署2023年经济工作。外界尤其关注明年中国经济怎么干。会议强调,“明年要坚持稳字当头、稳中求进”“推动经济运行整体好转,实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长,为全面建设社会主义现代化国家开好局起好步”,这些表述为明年经济工作提供了明确指引,对世界也是个好消息。
不久前召开的中国共产党二十大指出,未来五年是全面建设社会主义现代化国家开局起步的关键时期,强调不断以中国新发展为世界提供新机遇。对于今年的中央经济工作会议,国际社会不仅想看到中国式现代化如何扎实推进,更希望了解它带来哪些“新机遇”。
“推动经济运行整体好转”——会议这一表述以及新闻稿中31个“稳”字,给世界带来了宝贵的信心。多项国内外研究显示,在多重因素冲击下,2022年全球经济增长显著放缓,2023年全球经济仍将继续疲软。世界银行近期将2023年全球经济增长预期从6月预测的约3%下调到1.9%。在这样的背景下,中国作为世界第二大经济体,保持经济平稳运行至关重要。
客观看,中国经济目前仍面临不少挑战,比如恢复的基础尚不牢固、压力仍然较大等。但更应看到的是,正如会议所指出,中国经济韧性强、潜力大、活力足,各项政策效果持续显现,“明年经济运行有望总体回升”。近期,随着中国优化调整新冠疫情防控措施,浙江、江苏、四川等多地掀起“组团出海”招商的热潮。会议强调,做好明年经济工作,要做到六个“更好统筹”,其中排在第一的,是要更好统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展。这意味着中国经济复苏有望按下“快进键”,世界经济增长的动力将更足。
外媒关注到,会议提出,着力扩大国内需求,要把恢复和扩大消费摆在优先位置。就在几天前,中国出台了《扩大内需战略规划纲要(2022—2035年)》。中国人口超过14亿,人均GDP突破1.2万美元,最终消费支出占GDP比重连续11年保持在50%以上,是全球最有潜力的消费市场。中国扩大内需,必然会为各国企业进入中国大市场提供更多契机,进一步“让中国市场成为世界的市场、共享的市场、大家的市场”。
会议还强调,要坚持把高质量发展作为全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。实现高质量发展,创新是第一动力。世界知识产权组织9月底发布的《2022年全球创新指数报告》显示,中国排名第11位,连续十年稳步提升。会议指出,加快新能源、人工智能、生物制造、绿色低碳、量子计算等前沿技术研发和应用推广。这将有利于跨国公司在各种新经济领域获得更多发展机会。半个月前,全球知名的高科技制造企业——ABB机器人超级工厂在上海正式落成投产。公司相关负责人说,来自中国团队的创新智慧将被应用到全球工厂中,“在中国,为中国”乃至“为世界”的愿景得以实现。
“开放”是会议传递的又一个明确信息。会议强调坚持推进高水平对外开放,稳步扩大规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放,提出更大力度吸引和利用外资。今年前10个月,中国实际使用外资同比增长14.4%。“提升贸易投资合作质量和水平”“加大现代服务业领域开放力度”“落实好外资企业国民待遇”“积极推动加入全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定和数字经济伙伴关系协定等高标准经贸协议”……一系列措施将为外资提供更广阔、更安心的发展空间。近期,中国德国商会、中国澳大利亚商会的调查结果显示,多数受访企业对在华市场机遇和盈利持乐观态度。
中国发展离不开世界,世界发展也需要中国。岁末之际,这场在中共二十大后召开的中央经济工作会议,向世界展现了中国经济的韧性、市场的潜力、创新的活力、开放的魄力。中国式现代化行稳致远,世界将收获更多共赢机遇。(国际锐评评论员)
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)